Chemistry Notes

Periodic properties of group 1 and group 7 elements

2011-11-20T19:47:00.003+08:00

Reaction of alkali metals with water:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk&feature=related

Reaction of sodium with chlorine:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ftw7a5ccubs

Reaction of some metals with oxygen:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQyJIxiSvUA&NR=1

Reactivity of halogens:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4

Precipitation reactions:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RmVwz2fNGc&feature=related

Chromatography

2011-10-19T21:54:00.003+08:00

Why is chromatography so useful for analysis of mixtures in Chemistry and Biochemistry? You can learn visiting the following sites:

http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html

How to prepare your sample for microscale flash column chromatography:

http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/colchrom/colchromprocmicroflash.html

2011 - International Year of Chemistry

2011-10-02T19:00:00.003+08:00

If you have time, have a look at the video of Royal Society of Chemistry used to launch 2011 as the year of Chemistry!

http://www.rsc.org/Chemsoc/Activities/IYC/index.asp

Chemistry Heritage Foundation

2011-10-02T18:17:00.001+08:00

Chemistry Heritage Foundation - pod casts:

http://www.chemheritage.org/community/distillations/131-dinosaurs.aspx

BASF podcasts

2011-10-02T18:12:00.001+08:00

Chemistry innovations - BASF podcasts:

http://corporate.basf.com/en/podcast/innovation.xml

The World of Chemistry

2010-09-23T02:55:00.002+08:00

You can watch nice video about the World of Chemistry here:

http://www.learner.org/resources/series61.html?pop=yes&pid=803#

History of chemistry

2010-02-07T23:39:00.001+08:00

A wonderful BBC documentary which is worth to see!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25lprEvoFJ8

Addition reactions in organic chemistry

2010-01-14T04:49:00.003+08:00

Hydrocarbons and addition reactions:

http://www.starscience.net/chemistryBG/organic2_e.htm

http://www.starscience.net/chemistryBG/hydrocarbons.htm

Properties of ethene:

http://www.tutorvista.com/content/chemistry/chemistry-iii/hydrocarbons/ethene-animation.php

Introduction to Chemistry - Animations

2009-12-10T01:21:00.002+08:00

Animations from Mark Bishops' textbook:

http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Water_frames.htm

Dissolving NaCl in water:

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/dissolve.html

Structure of ice and water:

http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=57

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/122Adensityice.html

Introduction to Chemistry - Animations

2009-12-10T01:21:00.000+08:00

Animations from Mark Bishops' textbook:

http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Water_frames.htm

Carbon cycle

2009-12-07T02:50:00.001+08:00

Explanation of Carbon cycle:

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html

Carbon dioxide and greenhouse effect

2009-12-07T01:48:00.001+08:00

Look at this simple experiment which shows the effect of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8394168.stm

Balancing equations

2009-12-07T01:46:00.002+08:00

A nice site for balancing equations with a lot of examples to exercise:

http://richardbowles.tripod.com/chemistry/balance.htm

Hybridization

2009-12-02T21:19:00.002+08:00

Nice demonstrations for hybridization:

http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/DEMOS/Orbitals.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1fGXDRxS6k

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Mn_CXvXElM&feature=related

Organic chemistry

2009-12-02T20:31:00.002+08:00

Look at this site for help in organic chemistry:

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/carey/student/olc/ch01summary.html

Scientific method

2009-09-12T18:27:00.001+08:00

What is the scientific method and how to organize your experiments? You can look at the following site:

http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_scientific_method.shtml

periodic table

2009-06-02T12:18:00.001+08:00

For those of you who are fascinated by the periodic table, this site with short videos for every element will be very useful:

http://www.periodicvideos.com/

What about elements 119 and 120? Can we make them?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1rYuslEQLs&feature=related

Revision-Thermochemistry, Kinetics, Equilibrium, Acids and bases and Electrochemistry

2009-06-01T20:13:00.002+08:00

A very good site for revision of some topics:

http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30_05/1_energy/energy1_1.htm

Energetics

2008-01-17T01:58:00.003+08:00

What is enthalpy (H):

http://www.ausetute.com.au/enthchan.html

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/energy1.htm#enrg1

Hess law and some calculations:

http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/enthalpy.htm

http://grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Enthalpy/index.html

Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics:

http://www.secondlaw.com/two.html#time

Transition metals

2007-11-27T01:15:00.000+08:00

Transition metals:

http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch12/crystal.php

Oxidation states in Transition elements:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/transition/features.html

Color in transition metals:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html

Period 3 oxides and chlorides

2007-11-23T04:58:00.002+08:00

Period 3 oxides and chlorides:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/period3menu.html#top

Aluminium chloride changes structure when melted:

http://www.rod.beavon.clara.net/aluminiu.htm

Tetrahedron of structures:

http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/38_laing/tetrahedra.html

Aldehydes and ketones

2007-11-11T01:02:00.000+08:00

What are the important reactions of carbonyl compounds? You can read following this site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/carbonylmenu.html#top

Alcohols

2007-10-28T21:48:00.000+08:00

Please, visit this site if you want to learn more about alcohols:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcoholmenu.html#top

Halogenoalkanes-substitution versus elimination

2007-10-26T02:48:00.000+08:00

You can read about nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions with halogenoalkanes on this site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/mechanisms/nucsub/hydroxide.html#top

States of matter

2007-02-13T00:22:00.000+08:00

A good animation about states of matter:

http://www.mpcfaculty.net/mark_bishop/KMT.htm

Vision learning

2007-01-23T17:23:00.000+08:00

A wonderful site which starts with the atom and goes through different topics we discuss in class:

http://www.visionlearning.com/library/cat_view.php?cid=1&l=&c3=

Bonding lessons

2007-01-09T05:55:00.011+08:00

Explanation of ionic, covalent and metallic bond in lecture of Khan academy:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGA8sRwqIFg&feature=related

Here are some interesting bonding lessons with good animations:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bondingmenu.html#top

http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/vrchemistry/electronsandbonds/intro1.htm

http://www.ausetute.com.au/intermof.html

http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/molecules/index.htm

A good site for Lewis structures and shapes of molecules with quiz questions:

http://grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/LewisDot/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3FCHVlSZc4

When the molecule is polar?

http://web.fccj.org/~ethall/2045/polarity/polarity.htm

Intermolecular forces determine many properties of the substances. Read here to learn more about their nature:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/vdw.html#top

Some confidence building questions on intermolecular forces:

http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/intermol.html

Relationship between structure and properties:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html#top

Water and its "unusual" properties!

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/sitemap.html

Phase changes occur without changing temperature:

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/energy/heatAndTemperature/changesOfPhase/changeOfState.html

To read about the hybridisation you can browse this site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/bondmenu.html#top

Allotropic forms of Carbon:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_gateway/chemical/nanochemistryrev1.shtml

http://www.chemicool.com/elements/carbon.html

What are the buckyballs (fullerenes)? How were they discovered and many interesting facts about this new allotropic form of carbon you can read on the following sites?

http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/buckball/buckball.html

http://mathforum.org/alejandre/workshops/buckyball.html

And...what is graphene?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14730689

Interactive IB syllabus site

2006-12-18T00:35:00.000+08:00

Look at this interactive site! It can help you to understand many concepts which we cover in our IB syllabus:

http://ibchem.com/IB/ibsyllabus.htm

Another good site for revision:

http://www.savitapall.com/classes/2005_2006/sch4ue/index.html

Significant figures

2006-12-16T01:05:00.001+08:00

What is accuracy and precision in science?

http://www.mathsisfun.com/accuracy-precision.html

Here is a link to the tutorial of how to use significant figures in your calculations:

http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/resources/sigfigs/index.html

atomic spectra

2006-11-21T01:05:00.008+08:00

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/index.html

Models of an atom:

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys05/catomodel/default.htm

Is the electron a particle or wave?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32oUlB2BfEA&feature=related

Atomic properties:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/propsmenu.html#top

The energy levels in atoms and ions are the key to the production and detection of light. Visit the following sites to learn more about the mystery of emission and absorption spectra:

http://www.800mainstreet.com/spect/emission-flame-exp.html

http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Light/atomspectra.html

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/properties/hspectrum.html

http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys314/lectures/spectra/spectra.html

A nice representation of an origin of a Balmer series in the Hydrogen emission spectrum you can see on the following sites:

http://www.avogadro.co.uk/light/bohr/spectra.htm

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hyde.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?src_vid=hO2m94rxpkM&v=QI50GBUJ48s&annotation_id=annotation_482428&feature=iv

Look on the energy level diagrams for different elements on this site:

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atomic/grotrian.html#c1

If you want to see the Thomson's cathode ray tube you can visit the following site:

http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jjhome.htm

http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jj1897.htm

The interactive site about Rutherford experiment:

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/rutherford/

http://library.thinkquest.org/19662/low/eng/exp-rutherford.html

Redox equilibria

2006-01-15T15:23:00.002+08:00

A rather comprehensive site explaining electrode potentials and electrochemical cells:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/redoxeqiamenu.html#top

Electrolysis of different solutions:

http://mooni.fccj.org/~ethall/2046/ch18/electrol.htm

Real voltaic cells will typically differ from the standard conditions. The Nernst equation takes into account the effect of temperature and ion concentrations on cell potential. Read about the equation on this site:

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/electrode.html

Application of redox reactions:

http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30/modules/module8/mod8bkgd.htm#

How can you build the electrochemical cell using fruits? Look at this site:

http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/electro/electro.htm

Spectroscopy

2005-11-21T16:04:00.007+08:00

Here you can read a comprehensive explanation of UV-Vis spectroscopy:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/uvvisiblemenu.html#top

Why are complex ions of transition metals and many organic molecules coloured? You can read on these two sites:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/UV-Vis/spectrum.htm

Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique to determine the relative atomic masses:

http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/DEMOS/MassSpec.html

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Spectrpy/MassSpec/masspec1.htm#ms1

Here are some videos from Royal Society of Chemistry about different spectroscopic techniques:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDTIJgIh86E&feature=relmfu

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) used to determine low concentration of metal ions:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3OFSJ8ZHog&feature=related

Isomerism

2005-11-15T17:36:00.000+08:00

You can enlarge your understanding about isomerism visiting the following site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/isomermenu.html#top

You can exercise on optical isomerism if you follow the link:

http://scholar.hw.ac.uk/site/chemistry/topic5.asp?outline=no

http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/instructional/intro_chem_geometric.html

Why is optical isomerism important for the biological systems?

http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch106-07/optical.htm

Acids and bases

2005-11-09T17:15:00.000+08:00

You can revise here the two theories about acids and bases:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acideqiamenu.html#top

Analytical methods

2005-11-08T21:52:00.002+08:00

You can consult these sites about the three analytical methods mostly used for analysing the sample - Mass spectroscopy, IR - and NMR - spectroscopy:

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Spectrpy/spectro.htm

http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/ochemlabtech.html

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysismenu.html#top

http://www.rod.beavon.clara.net/spectra.htm

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey/Ch13/ch13-0.html

Look at this site to see how a mixture of proteins is separated by Affinity chromatography:

http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/method/Affinity.html

Hybridization

2005-10-04T21:30:00.000+08:00

You can consult this site for hybridization of carbon in methane and ethene:
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/bonding/ethene.html#top

and the hybridization of carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group4/oxides.html

If you follow the link at the end for Main menu you can access sites for Organic reaction mechanisms, bonding etc. You just need time and curiosity!

Bonding, geometry of molecules and hybridization are closely connected. Look at these sites to understand the formation of different types of bonds:

http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/structures/commonstructures.html

http://www.shodor.org/unchem/basic/atom/

A nice demo of hybrid and molecular orbitals:

http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/DEMOS/Orbitals.html

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/intro3.htm#strc8a

Carboxylic acids

2005-09-27T18:27:00.000+08:00

Very comprehensive site about carboxylic acids:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/acidbase/acids.htm l

Chemical equilibria

2005-09-26T15:58:00.002+08:00

How did Napoleon Bonaparte help discover reversible reactions? Visit this excellent site!

http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chemeq/index.html

You can use also these sites for better understanding of chemical equilibria:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibmenu.html#top

http://www.towson.edu/~ladon/chemeq.html

Demonstration:

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/chang_7e_esp/kim2s2_5.swf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5qbQ3XcbyM&feature=related

Effect of temperature on equilibrium:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlGrBcgANSY&feature=related

Naming organic compounds

2005-09-24T20:26:00.000+08:00

If you want some additional practice in naming organic compounds, visit these sites:

http://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/page04.htm

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/nomen1.htm

Nobel prizes in Chemistry

2005-09-19T03:07:00.000+08:00

You can read here about recent Nobel prize winners in Chemistry on this site:

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/

kinetics

2005-09-13T09:14:00.001+08:00

These site are helpful with understanding the factors influencing the rate of reaction:

http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_31rates.htm

http://www.leekhigh.staffs.sch.uk/science/chemistry/chim/RRfolder/RRE.htm

A comprehensive site about kinetics:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicratesmenu.html#top

Welcome

2005-09-12T14:32:00.000+08:00

Welcome to the Chemistry Blog! I hope this will become a way of enriching our communication.