Chemistry Notes

I shall be posting here resources which will help you to understand better and in depth the concepts we study in our course.

Sunday, October 19, 2014

Nobel prize in Chemistry 2014

How does the microscope help us to see the molecules in vivo?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z859PMPLgNs

Wednesday, October 15, 2014

Revision on mole

You can revise here the concept of MOLE:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPdqEX_WMjo

Sunday, October 12, 2014

Element 82 - Lead

The fatal attraction of LEAD:

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29568505

Wednesday, October 08, 2014

RSC - Learn chemistry

Great resources for teachers and students. You can go to student section and read the Mole Magazine:

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry

Beautiful Chemistry!

Enjoy Beautiful Chemistry!

http://beautifulchemistry.net/

Monday, October 06, 2014

Science in school

 You can find here many interesting articles. Just browse...

http://www.scienceinschool.org/

Saturday, September 07, 2013

Interesting Crash Course on Youtube, covering different topics in Chemistry. Have a look!

http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPHzzYuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr

Tuesday, August 20, 2013

Two very good sites for your preparation in Chemistry:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PT5vbCVLZqU&list=ECD68F9E7D8DA2A705


http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_34ptable.htm#1a.

Saturday, August 25, 2012

Writing chemical formula and balancing equations:

http://www.chemicalformula.org/chemistry-help/naming-simple-compounds

http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/naming/formulawriting.htm

Sunday, November 20, 2011

Periodic properties

Variation in physical properties - conductors and insulators: 

http://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_conduct.html


http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/conins.html


http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/conductorsinsulators.htm

Reaction of alkali metals with water:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk&feature=related

Reaction of sodium with chlorine:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ftw7a5ccubs

Reaction of some metals with oxygen:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQyJIxiSvUA&NR=1

Reactivity of halogens:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4

Precipitation reactions:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RmVwz2fNGc&feature=related

Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Chromatography

Why is chromatography so useful for analysis of mixtures in Chemistry and Biochemistry? You can learn visiting the following sites:
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html

How to prepare your sample for microscale flash column chromatography:
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/colchrom/colchromprocmicroflash.html

HPLC chromatography:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz_egMtdnL4&list=PLnu__ug2a65zD8fzKPq9uePcFGCtb3Cxl

Gas-liquid chromatography:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08YWhLTjlfo&list=PLnu__ug2a65zD8fzKPq9uePcFGCtb3Cxl

Sunday, October 02, 2011

2011 - International Year of Chemistry

If you have time, have a look at the video of Royal Society of Chemistry used to launch 2011 as the year of Chemistry!

http://www.rsc.org/Chemsoc/Activities/IYC/index.asp

Chemistry Heritage Foundation

Chemistry Heritage Foundation - pod casts:

http://www.chemheritage.org/community/distillations/131-dinosaurs.aspx


BASF podcasts

Chemistry innovations - BASF podcasts:

http://corporate.basf.com/en/podcast/innovation.xml

Thursday, September 23, 2010

The World of Chemistry

You can watch nice video about the World of Chemistry here:
http://www.learner.org/resources/series61.html?pop=yes&pid=803#

Thursday, January 14, 2010

Addition reactions in organic chemistry

Hydrocarbons and addition reactions:

http://www.starscience.net/chemistryBG/organic2_e.htm

http://www.starscience.net/chemistryBG/hydrocarbons.htm

Properties of ethene:

http://www.tutorvista.com/content/chemistry/chemistry-iii/hydrocarbons/ethene-animation.php

Thursday, December 10, 2009

Introduction to Chemistry - Animations

Animations from Mark Bishops' textbook:

http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Water_frames.htm

Dissolving NaCl in water:

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/dissolve.html

Structure of ice and water:

http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=57

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/122Adensityice.html

Introduction to Chemistry - Animations

Animations from Mark Bishops' textbook:

http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Water_frames.htm

Monday, December 07, 2009

Carbon cycle

Explanation of Carbon cycle:

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html

Carbon dioxide and greenhouse effect

Look at this simple experiment which shows the effect of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8394168.stm

Wednesday, December 02, 2009

Hybridization

Nice demonstrations for hybridization:




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1fGXDRxS6k

Organic chemistry

Look at this site for help in organic chemistry:

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/carey/student/olc/ch01summary.html

Saturday, September 12, 2009

Scientific method

What is the scientific method and how to organize your experiments? You can look at the following site:

http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_scientific_method.shtml

Tuesday, June 02, 2009

periodic table

For those of you who are fascinated by the periodic table, this site with short videos for every element will be very useful:

http://www.periodicvideos.com/

And the following link will bring you to a very interactive periodic table!

http://www.ptable.com/

Listen about the story behind the discovery of different elements:

http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/podcast

What about elements 119 and 120? Can we make them?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1rYuslEQLs&feature=related

Monday, June 01, 2009

Revision-Thermochemistry, Kinetics, Equilibrium, Acids and bases and Electrochemistry

A very good site for revision of some topics:

http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30_05/1_energy/energy1_1.htm

Thursday, January 17, 2008

Energetics

What is enthalpy (H):

http://www.ausetute.com.au/enthchan.html

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/energy1.htm#enrg1


Hess law and some calculations:

http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/enthalpy.htm

http://grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Enthalpy/index.html

Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics:

http://www.secondlaw.com/two.html#time

Tuesday, November 27, 2007

Transition metals

Transition metals:

http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch12/crystal.php


Oxidation states in Transition elements:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/transition/features.html

Color
in transition metals:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html

Friday, November 23, 2007

Period 3 oxides and chlorides

Period 3 oxides and chlorides:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/period3menu.html#top

Aluminium chloride changes structure when melted:

http://www.rod.beavon.clara.net/aluminiu.htm

Tetrahedron of structures:

http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/38_laing/tetrahedra.html

Sunday, November 11, 2007

Aldehydes and ketones

What are the important reactions of carbonyl compounds? You can read following this site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/carbonylmenu.html#top

Sunday, October 28, 2007

Alcohols

Please, visit this site if you want to learn more about alcohols:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcoholmenu.html#top

Friday, October 26, 2007

Halogenoalkanes-substitution versus elimination

You can read about nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions with halogenoalkanes on this site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/mechanisms/nucsub/hydroxide.html#top

Tuesday, February 13, 2007

States of matter

 A good animation about states of matter:

http://www.mpcfaculty.net/mark_bishop/KMT.htm 

Tuesday, January 23, 2007

Vision learning

A wonderful site which starts with the atom and goes through different topics we discuss in class:

http://www.visionlearning.com/library/cat_view.php?cid=1&l=&c3=

Tuesday, January 09, 2007

Bonding lessons

Explanation of ionic, covalent and metallic bond in lecture of Khan academy:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGA8sRwqIFg&feature=related

Here are some interesting bonding lessons with good animations:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bondingmenu.html#top

http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/vrchemistry/electronsandbonds/intro1.htm

http://www.ausetute.com.au/intermof.html

http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/molecules/index.htm

A good site for Lewis structures of molecules with quiz questions:

http://grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/LewisDot/


What is VSEPR theory?

http://www.chemistry-teaching-resources.com/VSEPR.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxebQZUVvTg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3FCHVlSZc4


Intermolecular forces determine many properties of the substances. Read here to learn more about their nature:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/vdw.html#top

Gecko forces-what are they?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19875247

Some confidence building questions on intermolecular forces:

http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/intermol.html


Relationship between structure and properties:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html#top

Water and its "unusual" properties!

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/sitemap.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wnx9thXySGw&context=C39dffccADOEgsToPDskKImjsWWDQRMryyVdchJ21H

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVCYlST6mYQ




To read about the hybridization you can browse this site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/bondmenu.html#top

Allotropic forms of Carbon:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_gateway/chemical/nanochemistryrev1.shtml

http://www.chemicool.com/elements/carbon.html

What are the buckyballs (fullerenes)? How were they discovered and many interesting facts about this new allotropic form of carbon you can read on the following sites?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljF5QhD5hnI

http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/buckball/buckball.html

http://mathforum.org/alejandre/workshops/buckyball.html

And...what is graphene?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14730689

Monday, December 18, 2006

Interactive IB syllabus site

Look at this interactive site! It can help you to understand many concepts which we cover in our IB syllabus:

http://ibchem.com/IB/ibsyllabus.htm

Another good site for revision:

http://www.savitapall.com/classes/2005_2006/sch4ue/index.html

Saturday, December 16, 2006

Significant figures

What is accuracy and precision in science?

http://www.mathsisfun.com/accuracy-precision.html


Here is a link to the tutorial of how to use significant figures in your calculations:


http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/resources/sigfigs/index.html

Tuesday, November 21, 2006

atomic spectra

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/ems1.html

http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/index.html

How to view the continuous and line emission spectra?

http://www.scienceinschool.org/2007/issue4/spectrometer

Models of an atom:
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys05/catomodel/default.htm

Is the electron a particle or wave?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32oUlB2BfEA&feature=related

Atomic properties:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/propsmenu.html#top
The energy levels in atoms and ions are the key to the production and detection of light. Visit the following sites to learn more about the mystery of emission and absorption spectra:

http://www.800mainstreet.com/spect/emission-flame-exp.html
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Light/atomspectra.html

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/properties/hspectrum.html

http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys314/lectures/spectra/spectra.html


A nice representation of an origin of a Balmer series in the Hydrogen emission spectrum you can see on the following sites:

http://www.avogadro.co.uk/light/bohr/spectra.htm

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hyde.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?src_vid=hO2m94rxpkM&v=QI50GBUJ48s&annotation_id=annotation_482428&feature=iv

Look on the energy level diagrams for different elements on this site:

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atomic/grotrian.html#c1

If you want to see the Thomson's cathode ray tube you can visit the following site:

http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jjhome.htm

http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jj1897.htm

The interactive site about Rutherford experiment:

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/rutherford/

http://library.thinkquest.org/19662/low/eng/exp-rutherford.html


Sunday, January 15, 2006

Redox equilibria

A rather comprehensive site explaining electrode potentials and electrochemical cells:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/redoxeqiamenu.html#top

Electrolysis of different solutions:

http://mooni.fccj.org/~ethall/2046/ch18/electrol.htm

Real voltaic cells will typically differ from the standard conditions. The Nernst equation takes into account the effect of temperature and ion concentrations on cell potential. Read about the equation on this site:

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/electrode.html

Application of redox reactions:

http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30/modules/module8/mod8bkgd.htm#

How can you build the electrochemical cell using fruits? Look at this site:

http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/electro/electro.htm

Monday, November 21, 2005

Spectroscopy

Here you can read a comprehensive explanation of UV-Vis spectroscopy:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/uvvisiblemenu.html#top


Why are complex ions of transition metals and many organic molecules coloured? You can read on these two sites:


http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/UV-Vis/spectrum.htm

Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique to determine the relative atomic masses:
http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/DEMOS/MassSpec.html
http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Spectrpy/MassSpec/masspec1.htm#ms1

Here are some videos from Royal Society of Chemistry about different spectroscopic techniques:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDTIJgIh86E&feature=relmfu
l

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) used to determine low concentration of metal ions:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3OFSJ8ZHog&feature=related

http://www.easychem.com.au/monitoring-and-management/manufactured-products/atomic-absorption-spectroscopy-aas

Tuesday, November 15, 2005

Isomerism

You can enlarge your understanding about isomerism visiting the following site:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/isomermenu.html#top


You can exercise on optical isomerism if you follow the link:

http://scholar.hw.ac.uk/site/chemistry/topic5.asp?outline=no

http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/instructional/intro_chem_geometric.html

Why is optical isomerism important for the biological systems?

http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch106-07/optical.htm

Wednesday, November 09, 2005

Acids and bases

You can revise here the two theories about acids and bases:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acideqiamenu.html#top

Tuesday, November 08, 2005

Analytical methods

You can consult these sites about the three analytical methods mostly used for analysing the sample - Mass spectroscopy, IR - and NMR - spectroscopy:
http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Spectrpy/spectro.htm
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/ochemlabtech.html

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysismenu.html#top

http://www.rod.beavon.clara.net/spectra.htm

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey/Ch13/ch13-0.html
Look at this site to see how a mixture of proteins is separated by Affinity chromatography:

http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/method/Affinity.html

Using the HPLC chromatography:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz_egMtdnL4&list=PLnu__ug2a65zD8fzKPq9uePcFGCtb3Cxl

Tuesday, October 04, 2005

Hybridization

You can consult this site for hybridization of carbon in methane and ethene:
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/bonding/ethene.html#top

and the hybridization of carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group4/oxides.html

If you follow the link at the end for Main menu you can access sites for Organic reaction mechanisms, bonding etc. You just need time and curiosity!


Bonding, geometry of molecules and hybridization are closely connected. Look at these sites to understand the formation of different types of bonds:

http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/structures/commonstructures.html


http://www.shodor.org/unchem/basic/atom/

A nice demo of hybrid and molecular orbitals:

http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/DEMOS/Orbitals.html

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/intro3.htm#strc8a

Tuesday, September 27, 2005

Carboxylic acids

Very comprehensive site about carboxylic acids:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/acidbase/acids.html

Monday, September 26, 2005

Chemical equilibria

How did Napoleon Bonaparte help discover reversible reactions? Visit this excellent site!

http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chemeq/index.html

You can use also these sites for better understanding of chemical equilibria:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibmenu.html#top

http://www.towson.edu/~ladon/chemeq.html

Demonstration:

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/chang_7e_esp/kim2s2_5.swf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5qbQ3XcbyM&feature=related


Effect of temperature on equilibrium:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlGrBcgANSY&feature=related

Saturday, September 24, 2005

Naming organic compounds

If you want some additional practice in naming organic compounds, visit these sites:

http://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/page04.htm

http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/nomen1.htm

Monday, September 19, 2005

Nobel prizes in Chemistry

You can read here about recent Nobel prize winners in Chemistry on this site:

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/

Tuesday, September 13, 2005

kinetics

These site are helpful with understanding the factors influencing the rate of reaction:

http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_31rates.htm


http://www.leekhigh.staffs.sch.uk/science/chemistry/chim/RRfolder/RRE.htm

A comprehensive site about kinetics:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicratesmenu.html#top

Monday, September 12, 2005

Welcome

Welcome to the Chemistry Blog! I hope this will become a way of enriching our communication.